Archive for 23 June 2008

VTP VLAN trunking protocol 23 June 2008 at 4:23 pm by admin
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What is VTP?

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 messaging protocol that manages the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs on a network-wide basis. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Trunk Protocol (VTP) reduces administration in a switched network. When you configure a new VLAN on one VTP server, the VLAN is distributed through all switches in the domain. This reduces the need to configure the same VLAN everywhere. To do this VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP domain. VTP advertisements can be sent over ISL, 802.1q, IEEE 802.10 and LANE trunks. VTP traffic is sent over the management VLAN (VLAN1), so all VLAN trunks must be configured to pass VLAN1. VTP is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst Family products.

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Tags: ip, guides, interface, switch, wan, router

+ Calculating VLSM subnetworks By admin 23 June 2008 at 12:43 pm and have Comments Off

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Calculating VLSMs

Scenario: Your company has been given the network address 172.16.32.0/19.

10101100 . 00010000 . 001 00000 . 00000000

After careful planning, looking at current needs and expansion, you realize you need a maximum of three subnets of 1,000 hosts, three subnets of 250 hosts, and several subnets for serial point-to-point links.

There are several ways to do this, but you have decided that you will variably subnet your network as follows: (We did it this way just for the exercise and to keep it somewhat simple.)

Step 1 : The maximum number of hosts any of your subnets will need is 1,000, so you decide to make the initial subnets 172.16.32.0/22. Write out the eight /22 subnets in binary and decimal form:

1. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 000 00 . 00000000 172.16.32.0/22

2. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 001 00 . 00000000 172.16.36.0/22

3. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 010 00 . 00000000 172.16.40.0/22

4. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 00 . 00000000 172.16.44.0/22

5. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 100 00 . 00000000 172.16.48.0/22

6. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 101 00 . 00000000 172.16.52.0/22

7. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 110 00 . 00000000 172.16.56.0/22

8. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 111 00 . 00000000 172.16.60.0/22

Step 2 : You only need three /22 subnets, so you reserved the first three for those subnets needing 1,000 hosts. Which ones are they?

1. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 000 00 . 00000000 172.16.32.0/22

2. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 001 00 . 00000000 172.16.36.0/22

3. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 010 00 . 00000000 172.16.40.0/22

Step 3 : You decide to sub-subnet the fourth subnet (172.16.44.0/22) for the three subnets each needing 250 hosts. A /24 will work well for this. What are the three /24 sub-subnets you will use?

4. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 00 . 00000000 172.16.44.0/22

4a. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 00 . 00000000 172.16.44.0/24

4b. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 01 . 00000000 172.16.45.0/24

4c. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 10 . 00000000 172.16.46.0/24

4d. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 00000000 172.16.47.0/24

Step 4 : The last (fourth) of the /24 sub-subnets (172.16.47.0/24), you decide to use for you serial point-to-point links. List the first five /30 sub-sub-subnets (if there is such a term):

4d. 10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 00000000 172.16.47.0/24

4d1.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 000000 00 172.16.47.0/30

4d2.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 000001 00 172.16.47.4/30

4d3.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 000010 00 172.16.47.8/30

4d4.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 000011 00 172.16.47.12/30

4d5.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 000100 00 172.16.47.16/30

etc.

4d5.10101100 . 00010000 . 001 011 11 . 111111 00 172.16.47.252/30

Tags: ip, switch, study, interface